³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ

Dr. Adelheid M. Bwire

Senior Lecturer, Department of Education Communication & Technology

Academic Qualifications

Khohliso, X., Bwire, A. M., Ngugi, P., Miima, F. A., & Babusa, H. (2024). State of African Languages Teaching and Learning in Higher Education in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(3), 1119–1136. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i3.10787 Available at: https://e-journal3.undikma.ac.id/index.php/jollt/article/view/10787
Murugi, Tabitha Mugo & Adelheid Marie Bwire, “Strategies used in teaching English Langauge Oral Skills and Effects on Primary School learner Participation in Embu County, Kenya.� In International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. ISSN (online): 2582- 7138. Issue 2 (2024) Volume 5. Available at: https://www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com/search?q=B-24-92&search=search
Wamuti, Lydia; Bwire, Adelheid Marie; Were, Vincent., (2022) Status of the Teaching and Learning of Japanese Language in Tertiary Institutions in Kenya. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ISSN: 2537 - 1754 ISSN-L: 2537 - 1754 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu. Vol. 6 Issue 1, 2022
Lutiali, Leonorah, Bwire, Adelheid Marie, Ondigi, Samson Rosana (2021). Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching (Actionable Perspective) of French in Secondary Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH September 2021 9(9), 271.
Mwangi, F. G., & Bwire, A. M ., (2020) Pedagogical Techniques Teachers Use to Bolster Extensive Reading Habits in Secondary Schools in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.11, No.6, 2020
Akumu, E. O, Bwire, A. M ., Ndethiu, S. M (2019) “Influence of code switching on students’ oral and written discourse in English in selected schools in Nyatike District, Migori County, Kenya�. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences. Vol. 6, Issue 6, pp: (31-55), November - December 2019, Available at: www.novelty journals.com. ISSN 2394-9694
Andima, G. A., Bwire, A. M ., & Odondi, R. (2019) “Unpacking the Myth of Home Language Use for Instruction in Early Grade Learning in Kajiado, Kenya.� Journal of Pan African Reading and Literacy Research.Vol.1 No.1 August, 2019. ISSN: 1119-6181.
Miheso-O’Connor, M. M., & Bwire, A. M & Mwangi, M. I (2019). “Supervisors’ Perceptions of Blended Approach for Graduate Thesis Supervision: The Case of ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ.â€� DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0242-6.ch013
Kimanzi, R. P, Bwire A. M & Miima, F (2019) “Influence of Teacher Feedback Techniques on Students’ Essay Writing Skills in English Language in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya�. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences and Education, Vol.2 Issue 1 pp 181 -211. Available at http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajsse v2 i1 181 211.pdf
Ochanji, M. J.; Twoli, N. W.; Bwire, A. M.; & Maundu, J. N. (Winter, 2017). Teacher Mentoring for Effective Teacher Training and Development� in Teacher Education & Practice, Volume 30, No.1 (ISSN 0890-6459) Pgs.115-136
Wamuti,L.; Bwire, A.M.; & Ndethiu. S. M. (2016). “The Influence of Culture in the interpretation of Japanese Language Instructional Materials� in CHEMCHEMI International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Volume 10 Number 2, 2016. Pgs.37-51
Bwire, A. M., & Roy-Campbell, Z. M (2015) “Teaching Struggling Adolescent Readers in Kenya and the United States� in ResearchJournali’s Journal of Education. Vol. 3 No.6 June 2015. ISSN 2347-8225
Gichuki, Francis Mwangi, Bwire, Adelheid Marie & Gathumbi, Agnes W. July, 2015 “Graffitti writing: Its Likely Influence on English Language Learning in Selected Secondary Schools in Laikipia East District, Kenya� in Elixir International Journal. ISSN: 2229-712X Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com Elixir Edu. Tech.85 (2015) Pgs.34277-34285
Bwire, A. M., Gathumbi, A. M. W & Roy-Campbell Z. M (July 2014) “Instructional Practices and Challenges Faced in English Language Teaching in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Implications for Development of Literacy Benchmarks.� In Researchjournali’s Journal of Education. Vol. 2, No. 11 November 2014. ISSN2347 -8225
Bwire, A. M. (2012) “New Perspectives and Re-Thinking the Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum: The Case Of Kenya�. ICERI2012 Proceedings CD- Pgs. 3964 – 3973. ISBN: 978-84-616-0763-1, ISSN: 2340-1095. Website: library.iated.org

Refereed Journal Articles

  1. Bwire, A. M. (2011). Learner Competence in English Listening Comprehension: The Kenyan Case. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller GMBH & Co. KG. ISBN: 978-3-639-37721-7
  2. Gathumbi, A, Vikiru, L & Bwire, A. M (2008) Comprehensive English Language Norms, Vol. 1. Nairobi, Phoenix. ISBN: 9966-47-303 -3
  3. Gathumbi, A, Vikiru, L & Bwire, A (2008) Comprehensive English Language Norms, Vol. 2. Nairobi, Phoenix. ISBN: 9966 -47 – 304 -1
  4. Book chapters in a University level Textbook
  5. Bwire, Adelheid Marie, Twoli, N.W & Maundu J. N (2015) Chapter 3 “Teacher Mentoring: The Key to successful Student Teaching Practicumâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (Eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
  6. Gathumbi, A. W & Bwire, A. M, (2015) Chapter 5 “Development and Use of Benchmarks in English Language Teachingâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
  7. Ayot, H.O.; Ondigi, S. R., Bwire, A.M.; & Kimemia, J. (2015) Chapter 6 “Preparation and Supervision of Pre-service Teachersâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
  8. Bwire, A. M. (2008) Chapter 3 “The Listening Skill� in Groenewegen T. (ed) (2008) Benchmarks for English Language Education. Nairobi. Phoenix ISBN 9966 302 5
  9. Bwire, A. M. (2008) Chapter 7 “Approaches to the teaching of Grammar and Vocabulary� in Groenewegen T. (ed) (2008) Benchmarks for English Language Education. Nairobi. Phoenix ISBN 9966 302 5
  10. Bwire, A.; (2008) Unpublished Module for B. Phil in English Language Teacher Mentoring for ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ – Braeburn College Collaboration Project
  11. Bwire, A. M.; (2007) Unpublished Module for Diploma in English Language Teacher Mentoring for Primary School Teachers, hosted at Shanzu Teachers Training College, Mombasa. KENSIP- A ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ - AGA KHAN Foundation Collaboration Project
  12. Bwire, A. M. (July, 2009) “The English Literacy Norms Innovation� Pg. 10 – 11. July 2009 Contributed in the ELN Project Newsletter
  13. Bwire, A. M. (July, 2009) “Teachers Resource Books with a Difference!� Pg. 12 – 16. July 2009 Contributed in the ELN Project Newsletter
  14. Khohliso, X., Bwire, A. M., Ngugi, P., Miima, F. A., & Babusa, H. (2024). State of African Languages Teaching and Learning in Higher Education in Kenya and South Africa. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(3), 1119–1136. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i3.10787 Available at: https://e-journal3.undikma.ac.id/index.php/jollt/article/view/10787
  15. Murugi, Tabitha Mugo & Adelheid Marie Bwire, “Strategies used in teaching English Langauge Oral Skills and Effects on Primary School learner Participation in Embu County, Kenya.� In International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. ISSN (online): 2582- 7138. Issue 2 (2024) Volume 5. Available at: https://www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com/search?q=B-24-92&search=search
  16. Wamuti, Lydia; Bwire, Adelheid Marie; Were, Vincent., (2022) Status of the Teaching and Learning of Japanese Language in Tertiary Institutions in Kenya. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ISSN: 2537 - 1754 ISSN-L: 2537 - 1754 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu. Vol. 6 Issue 1, 2022
  17. Lutiali, Leonorah, Bwire, Adelheid Marie, Ondigi, Samson Rosana (2021). Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching (Actionable Perspective) of French in Secondary Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH September 2021 9(9), 271.
  18. Mwangi, F. G., & Bwire, A. M ., (2020) Pedagogical Techniques Teachers Use to Bolster Extensive Reading Habits in Secondary Schools in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.11, No.6, 2020
  19. Akumu, E. O, Bwire, A. M ., Ndethiu, S. M (2019) “Influence of code switching on students’ oral and written discourse in English in selected schools in Nyatike District, Migori County, Kenya�. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences. Vol. 6, Issue 6, pp: (31-55), November - December 2019, Available at: www.novelty journals.com. ISSN 2394-9694
  20. Andima, G. A., Bwire, A. M ., & Odondi, R. (2019) “Unpacking the Myth of Home Language Use for Instruction in Early Grade Learning in Kajiado, Kenya.� Journal of Pan African Reading and Literacy Research.Vol.1 No.1 August, 2019. ISSN: 1119-6181.
  21. Miheso-O’Connor, M. M., & Bwire, A. M & Mwangi, M. I (2019). “Supervisors’ Perceptions of Blended Approach for Graduate Thesis Supervision: The Case of ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ.â€� DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0242-6.ch013
  22. Kimanzi, R. P, Bwire A. M & Miima, F (2019) “Influence of Teacher Feedback Techniques on Students’ Essay Writing Skills in English Language in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya�. International Academic Journal of Social Sciences and Education, Vol.2 Issue 1 pp 181 -211. Available at http://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajsse v2 i1 181 211.pdf
  23. Ochanji, M. J.; Twoli, N. W.; Bwire, A. M.; & Maundu, J. N. (Winter, 2017). Teacher Mentoring for Effective Teacher Training and Development� in Teacher Education & Practice, Volume 30, No.1 (ISSN 0890-6459) Pgs.115-136
  24. Wamuti,L.; Bwire, A.M.; & Ndethiu. S. M. (2016). “The Influence of Culture in the interpretation of Japanese Language Instructional Materials� in CHEMCHEMI International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Volume 10 Number 2, 2016. Pgs.37-51
  25. Bwire, A. M., & Roy-Campbell, Z. M (2015) “Teaching Struggling Adolescent Readers in Kenya and the United States� in ResearchJournali’s Journal of Education. Vol. 3 No.6 June 2015. ISSN 2347-8225
  26. Gichuki, Francis Mwangi, Bwire, Adelheid Marie & Gathumbi, Agnes W. July, 2015 “Graffitti writing: Its Likely Influence on English Language Learning in Selected Secondary Schools in Laikipia East District, Kenya� in Elixir International Journal. ISSN: 2229-712X Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com Elixir Edu. Tech.85 (2015) Pgs.34277-34285
  27. Bwire, A. M., Gathumbi, A. M. W & Roy-Campbell Z. M (July 2014) “Instructional Practices and Challenges Faced in English Language Teaching in Secondary Schools in Kenya: Implications for Development of Literacy Benchmarks.� In Researchjournali’s Journal of Education. Vol. 2, No. 11 November 2014. ISSN2347 -8225
  28. Bwire, A. M. (2012) “New Perspectives and Re-Thinking the Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum: The Case Of Kenya�. ICERI2012 Proceedings CD- Pgs. 3964 – 3973. ISBN: 978-84-616-0763-1, ISSN: 2340-1095. Website: library.iated.org

Books

Bwire, A. M. (2011). Learner Competence in English Listening Comprehension: The Kenyan Case. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller GMBH & Co. KG. ISBN: 978-3-639-37721-7
Gathumbi, A, Vikiru, L & Bwire, A. M (2008) Comprehensive English Language Norms, Vol. 1. Nairobi, Phoenix. ISBN: 9966-47-303 -3
Gathumbi, A, Vikiru, L & Bwire, A (2008) Comprehensive English Language Norms, Vol. 2. Nairobi, Phoenix. ISBN: 9966 -47 – 304 -1
Book chapters in a University level Textbook
Bwire, Adelheid Marie, Twoli, N.W & Maundu J. N (2015) Chapter 3 “Teacher Mentoring: The Key to successful Student Teaching Practicumâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (Eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
Gathumbi, A. W & Bwire, A. M, (2015) Chapter 5 “Development and Use of Benchmarks in English Language Teachingâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
Ayot, H.O.; Ondigi, S. R., Bwire, A.M.; & Kimemia, J. (2015) Chapter 6 “Preparation and Supervision of Pre-service Teachersâ€� in Bwire, A.M & Gathumbi, A. W (eds) Building Capacity Through Quality Teacher Preparation: A Multi-faceted Approach (in Print), ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ Press, Nairobi
Bwire, A. M. (2008) Chapter 3 “The Listening Skill� in Groenewegen T. (ed) (2008) Benchmarks for English Language Education. Nairobi. Phoenix ISBN 9966 302 5
Bwire, A. M. (2008) Chapter 7 “Approaches to the teaching of Grammar and Vocabulary� in Groenewegen T. (ed) (2008) Benchmarks for English Language Education. Nairobi. Phoenix ISBN 9966 302 5

Book Chapters

  1. Bwire, Adelheid Marie & Roy-Campbell Zaline (in print, 2023) Translanguaging as a Comprehensive Early Literacy Development Strategy for Children Living in Marginalized areas in Kenya. In the edited book: Indigenous Literacies and Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies.

Conference Papers

  1. Ndayimirije, I. M & Bwire, A.M (2013). “Appraisal Of Implementation Of The English Language Curriculum For State Primary Schools In Burundiâ€� in Bwire, A., Sore, I., Masingila, J.O., & Ayot, H. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education. Nairobi, Kenya: ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ (pg. 703 - 717) Available at http://cuseinkenya.syr.edu/?page id=91
  2. Maingi, J. M & Bwire, A. M (2013). “Re-thinking the Approach to Technology and Student Learning in Kenya: Examining the Attitudes, Needs, Expectations, and Challengesâ€� in Bwire, A., Sore, I., Masingila, J.O., & Ayot, H. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education. Nairobi, Kenya: ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ. (718 - 731). Available at http://cuseinkenya.syr.edu/?page id=91
  3. Bwire, A. M., & Roy-Campbell, Z. M. “Challenges of Struggling Adolescent Readers in Kenya and the United States�. A Paper co-presented at The International Reading Association 58th Annual Convention, San Antonio, Texas, April, 20th, 2013
  4. Bwire, A. M. (2012) “New Perspectives and Re-Thinking the Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum: The Case Of Kenya�. ICERI2012 Proceedings CD- ISBN: 978-84-616-0763-1
  5. Bwire, A. M. (2011) “English literacy norms project interventions: Effects on classroom practiceâ€� in Bwire, A., Huang, Y., Masingila, J.O., & Ayot, H. (2011). Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education. Nairobi, Kenya: ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ. Available at http://cuseinkenya.syr.edu/?page id=91
  6. Nyaega Mogere & Bwire, M. Adelheid â€�Use of Sheng and its influence on adolescent Learners’ Kiswahili Insha Performance in Kenyaâ€�, a paper presented at th workshop on “Kenya Youth Language Practicesâ€�19th – 20th June 2018 at BSSC, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ.
  7. Bwire, A.; Andima, G & Odondi, R. “Strengthening Early Literacy Teaching through Developing Maa Stories: Teachers Writing for Children�. A paper presented at the, Attended the 10th Pan African Literacy for all (PALFA) Conference at the Sheraton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria. August 27th – 31st, 2017
  8. Odondi, R.; Bwire, A & Andima, G. “Changing Young Adult Literacy Development Environment in Kenya: A case of Burt Award for African Literature� A paper presented at the, Attended the 10th Pan African Literacy for all (PALFA) Conference at the Sheraton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria. August 27th – 31st, 2017
  9. Andima, G.; Bwire, A & Odondi, R. “�Teach Children in Maa? Not Mine� Unpacking the myth of Home Language Use for Instruction in Early Grades in Kajiado, Kenya�. A paper presented at the, Attended the 10th Pan African Literacy for all (PALFA) Conference at the Sheraton Hotel, Abuja, Nigeria. August 27th – 31st, 2017
  10. Bwire, A. M & Andima, G. M.; “Using Interactive Read Aloud to spark prediction and critical thinking skills in early grades – a whole school approachâ€�. A paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teacher Education in Contemporary Society, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi, Kenya, July 19th – 20th, 2017 ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ & Syracuse University.
  11. Kalemesi. P. J.; Bwire, A. M & Ondigi, S.; “Challenges of using pictures in composition writing during teaching in Kenyan Primary Schools – a case of Emuhaya sub-county, Vihiga County, Kenya.â€� A paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teacher Education in Contemporary Society, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi, Kenya, July 19th – 20th, 2017 ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ & Syracuse University.
  12. Kalemesi. P. J.; Bwire, A. M & Ondigi, S.; “Use of Pictures in Composition writing teaching motivates learners in Primary schools – a case study of Emuhaya sub-county, Vihiga County, Kenya.â€� A paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teacher Education in Contemporary Society, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi, Kenya, July 19th – 20th, 2017. ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ & Syracuse University.
  13. Mwangi, F. G., Bwire, A.M., & Gathumbi, A. W.; “Pedagogical techniques that promote pleasure reading in Secondary Schools – a position paper.â€� A paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Teacher Education in Contemporary Society, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi, Kenya, July 19th – 20th, 2017. ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ & Syracuse University.
  14. Bwire, A.; Andima, G & Odondi, R. “Reading Kenya breaks new ground in Literacy Education in Kajiado County�. A Paper presented at the 61st Annual Conference by Comparative & International Education Society (CIES) Annual Conference, Atlanta, Georgia USA. March 5th – 9th 2017.
  15. Bwire, A. M.; Andima, G. M. & Odondi, R. K. “Reading Kenya Making a difference: Kajiado early Grade Teachers tell their story on influence of Materials Provision on Classroom Literacy Practice� A poster session at the International Literacy Association (ILA) Conference & Exhibits, Boston, MA, USA July 9th-11th 2016
  16. Beach, S. A.; Bwire, A. M.; Andima, G. M.; & Ward, A. “Kajiado Teachers Explore Professional Reading Clubs�. A paper presented at the 9th Pan African Literacy for All & 10th RASA National Literacy Conference on Imagination & Literacy. September 2nd – 5th 2015, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  17. Andima, G. M.; Bwire, A.M. & Odondi, R. K “Playing an Instructional Leadership Role in Early Grade Literacy – Kajiado head teachers� A workshop at the 9th Pan African Literacy for All & 10th RASA National Literacy Conference on Imagination & Literacy. September 2nd – 5th 2015, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
  18. Gichuki, F. M., Bwire, A. M. & Gathumbi, A. W.; “Graffitti writing: its likely influence on English Language Learning in selected secondary schools in Laikipia East District, Kenyaâ€� at the 4th International Conference on Education, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, 13th – 17th July, 2015
  19. Twoli, N, W; Bwire, A. M; Maundu, J; & Ochanji. “Teacher Mentoring: Towards an Effective Teacher Training and Development Strategy�. A paper presented at the International Conference on Education, Honolulu, Hawaai. Presented by Ochanji, M. January, 2015
  20. Kebeya, H., Bwire, A. M., Erastus, F., & Makokha, M. “An Intra-dialectal analysis of a dialect of Luyia: backwash effects on language teaching/learning at International Conference on African Languages and Literatures in the 21st Centuryâ€�, Business Centre, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ. August 2014
  21. Maingi, J & Bwire, A. M. “Re-thinking the approach to technology and student learning in Kenya- examining needs, expectations, attitudes and challengesâ€�. A paper co-presented at the 3rd International Conference on Education, Co-hosted by ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi & Syracuse University, USA. 10th – 12th July 2013
  22. Ndayimirije Marie-Immaculee & Bwire, A.M. “Appraisal of Implementation of the English Language Curriculum for State Primary Schools in Burundiâ€�. A paper co-presented at the 3rd international Conference on Education, Co-hosted by ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, Nairobi & Syracuse University, USA. 10th – 12th July 2013
  23. Roy-Campbell, Z. M & Bwire, Adelheid Marie, “Challenges of Struggling Adolescent Readers in Kenya and the United States�. A Paper co-presented at The International Reading Association 58th Annual Convention, San Antonio, Texas, 20th April, 2013
  24. Bwire, A. M. “New Perspectives and Re-Thinking the Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum: The Case Of Kenya�. A Paper presented at the ICERI2012 (5th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation) Madrid (Spain) on the 19th-22nd of November, 2012.
  25. Bwire, A. M. “Still out of school: challenges facing the Child’s education in Samia district� A paper presented at the International Conference on Education. Nairobi, Kenya (Kenyatta university- Syracuse University Collaboration) 20th -22nd July 2011
  26. Bwire, A. M. “Constraints in Achieving Proficiency in English Listening Comprehension under free secondary education: research findings and implicationsâ€�. A paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Education at ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, 6th- 8th July 2009
  27. Bwire, A. M. “English Literacy Norms Project Interventions: Effects on Classroom Practice�. A paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Education, (Kenyatta university- Syracuse University Collaboration), July, 2009
  28. Bwire, A. M. “Learner Competencies and Proficiency in English Listening Comprehension: Lessons learnt and Implications for the Twenty First Centuryâ€�. A paper presented at the PhD Post graduate seminar, ³Ô¹ÏÍ·Ìõ, 30th November 2007